Phosphatase Family DSP - Revision history

Gerard: /* DSP6 */

2018-09-12T19:26:43Z

‎DSP6

Gerard: /* DSP1 */

2018-09-12T19:25:38Z

‎DSP1

Gerard at 19:24, 12 September 2018

2018-09-12T19:24:27Z

Gerard at 19:24, 12 September 2018

2018-09-12T19:24:00Z

Gerard: /* Likely MKPs without a Rhondanese Domain= */

2017-03-22T15:19:38Z

‎Likely MKPs without a Rhondanese Domain=

Gerard at 15:10, 22 March 2017

2017-03-22T15:10:59Z

Gerard at 15:08, 22 March 2017

2017-03-22T15:08:03Z

Gerard: /* Phosphatase domain structures */

2017-03-22T06:01:29Z

‎Phosphatase domain structures

Gerard: /* Slingshot */

2017-03-22T06:01:05Z

‎Slingshot

Gerard: /* Subfamilies */

2017-03-22T06:00:20Z

‎Subfamilies

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 ===== [[Phosphatase_Subfamily_DSP6|DSP6]] =====
-The DSP6 subfamily is a cytoplasmic MKP subfamily selectively dephosphorylating ERK. It is found throughout [[metazoa]] and duplicated in vertebrates. Human genome has three members: DUSP6 (MKP3/PYST1), DUSP7 (MKPX/PYST2) and DUSP9 (MKP4/PYST3).
+DSP6 is a cytoplasmic MKP subfamily that selectively dephosphorylates ERK. It is found throughout [[metazoa]] and duplicated in vertebrates, including 3 human members: DUSP6 (MKP3/PYST1), DUSP7 (MKPX/PYST2) and DUSP9 (MKP4/PYST3).
 ===== [[Phosphatase_Subfamily_DSP8|DSP8]] =====

@@ Line 10: / Line 10: @@
 ===== [[Phosphatase_Subfamily_DSP1|DSP1]] =====
-The DSP1 subfamily is an inducible nuclear MKP subfamily found throughout eukaryotes. As a key player in MAPK pathway, it is implicated in immune regulation and cancer. Human has four members, DUSP1 (MKP1), DUSP2, DUSP4 (MKP2) and DUSP5.
+DSP1 is an inducible nuclear MKP found throughout eukaryotes. As a key player in MAPK pathway, it is implicated in immune regulation and cancer. Human has four members, DUSP1 (MKP1), DUSP2, DUSP4 (MKP2) and DUSP5.
 ===== [[Phosphatase_Subfamily_DSP6|DSP6]] =====

@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
 [[Phosphatase classification|Phosphatase Classification]]: [[Phosphatase_Fold_CC1|Fold CC1]]:  [[Phosphatase_Superfamily_CC1|Superfamily CC1]]: [[Phosphatase_Family_DSP|Family DSP]]
 __NOTOC__
 This family consists of the dual-specific protein phosphatases (DSPs) that dephosphorylate both tyrosine and serine/threonine, as well as related non-protein phosphatases.

@@ Line 34: / Line 34: @@
 ===== [[Phosphatase_Subfamily_DSP14|DSP14]] =====
-The DSP14 subfamily emerged in eumetazoan and duplicated in vertebrates. Human has four members, DUSP14 (MKP6), DUSP18, DUSP21 and DUSP28 (VHP). Little is known about their functions.
+The DSP14 subfamily emerged in eumetazoa and duplicated in vertebrates. Human has four members, DUSP14 (MKP6), DUSP18, DUSP21 and DUSP28 (VHP). Little is known about their functions.
 ===== [[Phosphatase_Subfamily_DSP15|DSP15]] =====
-The DSP15 subfamily emerged in metazoa and duplicated in vertebrates. It is characterized by a N-terminal myristoylation site which targets it to plasma membrane. Limited is known about its molecular function.
+The DSP15 subfamily emerged in metazoa and duplicated in vertebrates. It has a N-terminal myristoylation site which targets it to plasma membrane. Little is known about its molecular function.
 ===== [[Phosphatase_Subfamily_DSP19|DSP19]] =====
-The DSP19 subfamily is widely found in eukaryotes but absent from fungi. Human DUSP19 (SKRP1) functions in the regulation of JNK signaling but the precise molecular mechanism is unclear.
+DSP19 is found across eukaryotes but absent from fungi. Human DUSP19 (SKRP1) regulates JNK signaling but the mechanism is unclear.
 ===== [[Phosphatase_Subfamily_STYX|STYX]] =====
-The STYX subfamily is a catalytically inactive phosphatase found in most opisthokonts but lost in nematodes.
+The STYX subfamily of catalytically inactive phosphatases found in most opisthokonts but lost in nematodes.
 ===== [[Phosphatase_Subfamily_DSP23|DSP23]] =====

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-===Likely MKPs without a Rhondanese Domain====
+===Likely MKPs without a Rhondanese Domain===
 ===== [[Phosphatase_Subfamily_DSP3|DSP3]]=====
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 ===== [[Phosphatase_Subfamily_DSP23|DSP23]] =====
 Human DUSP23 is a nuclear phosphatase found in metazoa but lost in ecdysozoa.
 ===Cyclin-dependent kinase phosphatases===

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 ''Dictyostelium DupA'' has an active kinase domain and an inactive phosphatase domain. The cysteine at CX<sub>5</sub>R motif of phosphatase domain is substituted by serine, so its phosphatase domain is probably catalytically inactive. The kinase domain is pretty divergent but has the key catalytic residues. It is also found in other ''Dictyosteliida'', but not other amoebazoa, by BLASTing against NR - eukaryotes data set and amoebazoa data set. It may regulate a MAP kinase response to bacteria Legionella pneumophila <cite>Li09</cite>.
-===== ''Dictystelium'' LRR-DSP =====
+===== ''Dictyostelium'' LRR-DSP =====
 The LRR-DSP subfamily has LRR repeats at N-terminal. It is found in most amoebozoa by BLASTing against NR database through NCBI BLAST server.

@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
 [[Phosphatase classification|Phosphatase Classification]]: [[Phosphatase_Fold_CC1|Fold CC1]]:  [[Phosphatase_Superfamily_CC1|Superfamily CC1]]: [[Phosphatase_Family_DSP|Family DSP]]
-__TOC__
+__NOTOC__
 This family consists of the dual-specific protein phosphatases (DSPs) that dephosphorylate both tyrosine and serine/threonine, as well as related non-protein phosphatases.
@@ Line 7: / Line 7: @@
 == Subfamilies ==
-=== Human subfamilies ===
+=== MKP: MAP Kinase Phosphatases with a Rhodanese Domain ===
 Several related subfamilies of DSP that dephosphorylate [http://kinase.com/wiki/index.php/Kinase_Family_MAPK MAPK Kinases] and share an N-terminal non-catalytic rhodanese domain. These are named MKP, ('''M'''AP '''K'''inase '''P'''hosphatase). They are regulators of MAPK activity, and can mediate crosstalk between distinct MAPK pathways and between MAPK signalling and other intracellular signalling modules (see reviews <cite>Dickinson06, Caunt13</cite>). The rhodanese domains usually contain kinase-interacting motifs (KIMs) for MAPK binding <cite>Dickinson06</cite>.
@@ Line 28: / Line 28: @@
-Some subfamilies of DSP family lack the rhodanese domain but function in similarly to MKPs.
+===Likely MKPs without a Rhondanese Domain====
 ===== [[Phosphatase_Subfamily_DSP3|DSP3]]=====
@@ Line 49: / Line 49: @@
-Some DSP subfamilies dephosphorylate non-protein substrates:
+===== [[Phosphatase_Subfamily_CDC14|CDC14]] =====
 ===== [[Phosphatase_Subfamily_DSP12|DSP12]] =====
@@ Line 68: / Line 76: @@
-===== [[Phosphatase_Subfamily_CDKN3|CDKN3]] =====
+===Other subfamilies found in human===
-CDKN3 (KAP) is a chordate-specific phosphatase targeting Cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs) CDK1 and CDK2.
-−
-−
-Other subfamilies:
 ===== [[Phosphatase_Subfamily_PTPDC1|PTPDC1]] =====
@@ Line 89: / Line 90: @@
 === Non-human subfamilies and unclassified DSPs ===
-===== ''Dictystelium [[Phosphatase_Gene_dupA|dupA]]'': a regulator of MAPK response to bacteria with an active kinase domain and an inactive phosphatase domain =====
-''Dictystelium DupA'' has an active kinase domain and an inactive phosphatase domain. The cysteine at CX<sub>5</sub>R motif of phosphatase domain is substituted by serine, so its phosphatase domain is probably catalytically inactive. The kinase domain is pretty divergent but has the key catalytic residues. It is also found in other ''Dictyosteliida'', but not other amoebazoa, by BLASTing against NR - eukaryotes data set and amoebazoa data set. It may regulate a MAP kinase response to bacteria Legionella pneumophila <cite>Li09</cite>.
+===== ''Dictyostelium [[Phosphatase_Gene_dupA|dupA]]'' =====
 ===== ''Dictystelium'' LRR-DSP =====

@@ Line 103: / Line 103: @@
 Some DSPs have additional SS element(s) at the termini:
-* N-terminall helix. The DSP3 and laforin families, as well as vaccinia virus DSP (PDB code: 2P4D) have an additional N-terminal helix different in structure and evolutionary origins. The additional helix are involved in substrate recognition in both DUSP3 and laforin.
+* N-terminal helix. The DSP3 and laforin families, as well as vaccinia virus DSP (PDB code: 2P4D) have an additional N-terminal helix different in structure and evolutionary origins. The additional helix are involved in substrate recognition in both DUSP3 and laforin.
 * DUSP14 and DUSP18 of the DSP14 subfamily have a 2-stranded beta sheet followed by a helix at C terminus.
 * C-terminal helix. DUSP10 and DUSP12 of two different subfamilies have an additional C-terminal helix, but they occupy distinct spaces.

@@ Line 86: / Line 86: @@
 ===== [[Phosphatase_Subfamily_Slingshot|Slingshot]] =====
-The slingshot subfamily is conserved in holozoan but lost in nematodes, regulates [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cofilin cofilin] phosphorylation in opposition to  LIMK and TESK kinases.
+The slingshot subfamily is conserved in holozoa but lost in nematodes, regulates [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cofilin cofilin] phosphorylation in opposition to  LIMK and TESK kinases.
 === Non-human subfamilies and unclassified DSPs ===

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 ===== [[Phosphatase_Subfamily_STYXL1|STYXL1]] =====
 The STYXL1 subfamily is a pseudophosphatase (catalytically inactive) conserved in metazoa but lost in ecdysozoa. It is also known as MK-STYX, named after the catalytically inactive phosphatase subfamily [[Phosphatase_Subfamily_STYX|STYX]]. In comparison with STYX, it has an N-terminal rhodanese domain, which is a common feature between MKPs. Two binding partners have been known so far: phosphatase PTPMT1 and a Ras signaling regulator G3BP1.
 Some subfamilies of DSP family lack the rhodanese domain but function in similarly to MKPs.
@@ Line 46: / Line 48: @@
 Human DUSP23 is a nuclear phosphatase found in metazoa but lost in ecdysozoa.
-Some subfamilies of DSP family dephosphorylate non-protein substrates:
 ===== [[Phosphatase_Subfamily_DSP12|DSP12]] =====
@@ Line 64: / Line 68: @@
-The subfamilies below are known or inferred to be cyclin-dependent kinase phosphatases:
+The subfamilies below are cyclin-dependent kinase phosphatases:
 ===== [[Phosphatase_Subfamily_CDC14|CDC14]] =====