Phosphatase Subfamily AP - Revision history

Gerard: /* Diseases */

2016-05-15T00:36:46Z

‎Diseases

Gerard: /* Functions */

2016-05-14T23:12:37Z

‎Functions

Gerard: /* Evolution */

2016-05-14T23:09:09Z

‎Evolution

Gerard at 23:06, 14 May 2016

2016-05-14T23:06:18Z

Gerard at 23:05, 14 May 2016

2016-05-14T23:05:27Z

Mark at 00:49, 1 March 2016

2016-03-01T00:49:16Z

Mark: /* = AP as biomarker */

2015-09-22T17:32:46Z

‎= AP as biomarker

Mark at 17:31, 22 September 2015

2015-09-22T17:31:11Z

Mark: /* References */

2015-09-22T06:14:23Z

‎References

Mark: /* Functions */

2015-09-22T06:14:02Z

‎Functions

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 *  Alkaline phosphatase (ALP) together with lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) was independent prognostic factors for overall survival of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. A combination of the two indexes might contribute to further identification of survival differences in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma <cite>Wei15</cite>.
-* Serum alkaline phosphatase negatively affects endothelium-dependent vasodilation in naïve hypertensive patients <cite>Perticone15</cite>.
+* Serum alkaline phosphatase negatively affects endothelium-dependent vasodilation in hypertensive patients <cite>Perticone15</cite>.
 ===References===

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 === Functions ===
-There are four human alkaline phosphatases, named by their tissue expression: [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/gene/248 ALPI] (alkaline phosphatase, intestinal), [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/gene/250 ALPP] (alkaline phosphatase, placental), [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/gene/251 ALPPL2] (alkaline phosphatase, placental-like 2), and [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/gene/249 ALPL] (alkaline phosphatase, liver/bone/kidneytissue). Early reports found that ALPL and ALPI can dephosphorylate Histone H2A <cite>Swarup, Chan</cite> and that PLAP is a protein tyrosine phosphatase <cite>Telfer</cite>, but their physiological relevance as protein phosphatases is still unclear.
+There are four human alkaline phosphatases, named by their tissue expression: [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/gene/248 ALPI] (alkaline phosphatase, intestinal), [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/gene/250 ALPP] (alkaline phosphatase, placental), [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/gene/251 ALPPL2] (alkaline phosphatase, placental-like 2), and [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/gene/249 ALPL] (alkaline phosphatase, liver/bone/kidneytissue). Early reports found that ALPL and ALPI can dephosphorylate Histone H2A <cite>Swarup, Chan</cite> and that PLAP is a protein tyrosine phosphatase <cite>Telfer</cite>, but their physiological relevance as protein phosphatases is still unclear. The bovine form of ALPI is used extensively to dephosphorylate all proteins in experimental assays.
 ==== Diseases ====

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 === Evolution ===
-Alkaline phosphatases are found in metazoa except nematodes, fungi, some protists, and bacteria, but are absent from most plants (see [http://resdev.gene.com/gOrtholog/view/cluster/MC0000252/overview internal database]). They belong to the alkaline phosphatase-like fold ([http://scop.mrc-lmb.cam.ac.uk/scop/data/scop.b.d.bah.A.html SCOP]), which contains other enzymes, such as phosphoesterases and sulfatases. Human has four APs. Three of them (ALPP, ALPPL2, ALPI) locates in a quasi-tandem way at 1q36.
+Alkaline phosphatases are found in some bacteria, and most eukaryotes, with notable exceptions of nematodes, fungi, and most plants (see [http://resdev.gene.com/gOrtholog/view/cluster/MC0000252/overview internal database]). They belong to the alkaline phosphatase-like fold ([http://scop.mrc-lmb.cam.ac.uk/scop/data/scop.b.d.bah.A.html SCOP]), which contains other enzymes, such as phosphoesterases and sulfatases. Human has four APs. Three of them (ALPP, ALPPL2, ALPI) map to the same chromosomal location, at 1q36.
 APs were lost from most nematodes except a few individual species of different nematode lineages, as shown by BLASTing human and fruit fly AP against NR database. APs were also lost in monosiga and sponge.

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 === Functions ===
-Alkaline phosphatases are a superfamily ([http://pfam.xfam.org/family/PF00245 Pfam]) with a wide variety of substrates, possibly including phosphoproteins. There are four human alkaline phosphatases, named by their tissue expression: [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/gene/248 ALPI] (alkaline phosphatase, intestinal), [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/gene/250 ALPP] (alkaline phosphatase, placental), [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/gene/251 ALPPL2] (alkaline phosphatase, placental-like 2), and [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/gene/249 ALPL] (alkaline phosphatase, liver/bone/kidneytissue). Early reports found that ALPL and ALPI can dephosphorylate Histone H2A <cite>Swarup, Chan</cite> and that PLAP is a protein tyrosine phosphatase <cite>Telfer</cite>, but their physiological relevance as protein phosphatases is still unclear.
+There are four human alkaline phosphatases, named by their tissue expression: [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/gene/248 ALPI] (alkaline phosphatase, intestinal), [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/gene/250 ALPP] (alkaline phosphatase, placental), [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/gene/251 ALPPL2] (alkaline phosphatase, placental-like 2), and [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/gene/249 ALPL] (alkaline phosphatase, liver/bone/kidneytissue). Early reports found that ALPL and ALPI can dephosphorylate Histone H2A <cite>Swarup, Chan</cite> and that PLAP is a protein tyrosine phosphatase <cite>Telfer</cite>, but their physiological relevance as protein phosphatases is still unclear.
 ==== Diseases ====

← Older revision		Revision as of 23:05, 14 May 2016
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		+	__NOTOC__
	[[Phosphatase classification\|Phosphatase Classification]]: [[Phosphatase_Fold_AP\|Fold AP]]: [[Phosphatase_Superfamily_AP\|Superfamily AP]]: [[Phosphatase_Family_AP\|Family AP]]: [[Phosphatase_Subfamily_AP\|Subfamily AP]](Alkaline phosphatase)		[[Phosphatase classification\|Phosphatase Classification]]: [[Phosphatase_Fold_AP\|Fold AP]]: [[Phosphatase_Superfamily_AP\|Superfamily AP]]: [[Phosphatase_Family_AP\|Family AP]]: [[Phosphatase_Subfamily_AP\|Subfamily AP]](Alkaline phosphatase)

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 Alkaline phosphatases are a superfamily ([http://pfam.xfam.org/family/PF00245 Pfam]) with a wide variety of substrates, possibly including phosphoproteins. There are four human alkaline phosphatases, named by their tissue expression: [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/gene/248 ALPI] (alkaline phosphatase, intestinal), [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/gene/250 ALPP] (alkaline phosphatase, placental), [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/gene/251 ALPPL2] (alkaline phosphatase, placental-like 2), and [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/gene/249 ALPL] (alkaline phosphatase, liver/bone/kidneytissue). Early reports found that ALPL and ALPI can dephosphorylate Histone H2A <cite>Swarup, Chan</cite> and that PLAP is a protein tyrosine phosphatase <cite>Telfer</cite>, but their physiological relevance as protein phosphatases is still unclear.
-==== AP as biomarker ===
+==== AP as biomarker ====
 *  Alkaline phosphatase (ALP) together with lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) was independent prognostic factors for overall survival of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. A combination of the two indexes might contribute to further identification of survival differences in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma <cite>Wei15</cite>.

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 #Telfer pmid=8396040
 #Chan pmid=3011792
 </biblio>