Phosphatase Subfamily PPM1D - Revision history

Gerard at 16:49, 24 July 2017

2017-07-24T16:49:11Z

2017-07-24T16:49:03Z

2017-07-24T16:48:28Z

2017-07-24T16:46:59Z

‎Domain

2017-07-24T16:43:18Z

‎Evolution

2017-07-24T16:42:56Z

2017-07-24T09:46:19Z

‎Other functions

2017-07-24T09:45:48Z

‎Cell cell checkpoint and DNA damage response

2017-07-24T09:42:36Z

‎Cancer

2017-07-24T09:39:07Z

‎Domain

← Older revision		Revision as of 16:49, 24 July 2017
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	PPM1D (WIP1) negatively regulates the DNA damage response through dephosphorylation of ATM/ATR and their substrates, and is implicated in cancer.		PPM1D (WIP1) negatively regulates the DNA damage response through dephosphorylation of ATM/ATR and their substrates, and is implicated in cancer.
−

	=== Evolution ===		=== Evolution ===

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 __NOTOC__
-[[Phosphatase classification|Phosphatase Classification]]: [[Phosphatase_Fold_PPM|Fold PPM (PP2C)]]: [[Phosphatase_Superfamily_PPM|Superfamily PPM (PP2C)]]: [[Phosphatase_Family_PPM|Family PPM (PP2C)]]: [[Phosphatase_Subfamily_PPM1D|Subfamily PPM1D]] (WIP1)
+[[Phosphatase classification|Phosphatase Classification]]: [[Phosphatase_Fold_PPM|Fold PPM]]: [[Phosphatase_Superfamily_PPM|Superfamily PPM]]: [[Phosphatase_Family_PPM|Family PPM]]: [[Phosphatase_Subfamily_PPM1D|Subfamily PPM1D]] (WIP1)
 PPM1D (WIP1) negatively regulates the DNA damage response through dephosphorylation of ATM/ATR and their substrates, and is implicated in cancer.

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 __NOTOC__
 [[Phosphatase classification|Phosphatase Classification]]: [[Phosphatase_Fold_PPM|Fold PPM (PP2C)]]: [[Phosphatase_Superfamily_PPM|Superfamily PPM (PP2C)]]: [[Phosphatase_Family_PPM|Family PPM (PP2C)]]: [[Phosphatase_Subfamily_PPM1D|Subfamily PPM1D]] (WIP1)
 === Evolution ===

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 === Domain ===
-PPM1D has a single domain, the phosphatase domain of PPM (PP2C) fold.
+PPM1D has an N-terminal PPM phosphatase domain, typically followed by an unconserved C-terminal region of similar length.
 === Function ===

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 === Evolution ===
-The PPM1D (WIP1) subfamily most likely emerged in holozoa. It is single copy in most genomes, including human genome. See [http://resdev.gene.com/gOrtholog/view/cluster/MC0005181/overview internal gOrtholog database].
+The PPM1D (WIP1) subfamily most likely emerged in holozoa. It is single copy in most genomes, including human. See [http://resdev.gene.com/gOrtholog/view/cluster/MC0005181/overview internal gOrtholog database].
 === Domain ===

← Older revision		Revision as of 16:42, 24 July 2017
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		+	__NOTOC__
	[[Phosphatase classification\|Phosphatase Classification]]: [[Phosphatase_Fold_PPM\|Fold PPM (PP2C)]]: [[Phosphatase_Superfamily_PPM\|Superfamily PPM (PP2C)]]: [[Phosphatase_Family_PPM\|Family PPM (PP2C)]]: [[Phosphatase_Subfamily_PPM1D\|Subfamily PPM1D]] (WIP1)		[[Phosphatase classification\|Phosphatase Classification]]: [[Phosphatase_Fold_PPM\|Fold PPM (PP2C)]]: [[Phosphatase_Superfamily_PPM\|Superfamily PPM (PP2C)]]: [[Phosphatase_Family_PPM\|Family PPM (PP2C)]]: [[Phosphatase_Subfamily_PPM1D\|Subfamily PPM1D]] (WIP1)

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 ===== Other functions =====
-PPM1D is highly expressed in haematopoietic stem cells (HSC)s but decreases with age, and WIP1-deficient (Wip1-/-) mice exhibited multifaceted HSC aging phenotypes, including the increased pool size and impaired repopulating activity <cite>Chen15</cite>.
+PPM1D is highly expressed in haematopoietic stem cells (HSC) but decreases with age, and WIP1-deficient (Wip1-/-) mice exhibited multifaceted HSC aging phenotypes, including the increased pool size and impaired repopulating activity <cite>Chen15</cite>.
 PPM1D (WIP1) controls antigen-independent B cell development in a p53-dependent manner <cite>Yi15</cite>.

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 ===== Cell cell checkpoint and DNA damage response =====
-Human PPM1D is also known as Wild-type p53-induced phosphatase 1 (WIP1). It functions as a negative regulator of several tumor suppressor genes and as a modulator of the epigenetic state of the genome <cite>Filipponi13</cite>. It plays a key role in the DNA damage response (DDR), by dephosphorylating multiple proteins in the DDR and cell cycle checkpoint pathways, including Atm, p53, Chk1, Chk2, Mdm2, Mdm4 and p38 MAPK. Several substrate proteins are directly involved in sensing and repairing DNA damage, suchas Atm, p53, Chk2, XPA, XPC and UNG2 <cite>Emelyanov14</cite>.
+Human PPM1D is also known as Wild-type p53-induced phosphatase 1 (WIP1). It functions as a negative regulator of several tumor suppressor genes and as a modulator of the epigenetic state of the genome <cite>Filipponi13</cite>. It plays a key role in the DNA damage response (DDR), by dephosphorylating multiple proteins in the DDR and cell cycle checkpoint pathways, including ATM, p53, Chk1, Chk2, Mdm2, Mdm4 and p38 MAPK <cite>Emelyanov14</cite>.
 ===== Other functions =====

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 ===== Cancer =====
-In consistent with its moleuclar function (see below), human PPM1D is implicated in different cancer types <cite>Emelyanov14</cite>:
+Consistent with its moleuclar function (see below), human PPM1D is implicated in different cancer types <cite>Emelyanov14</cite>:
 * PPM1D promotes progression and invasion of aggressive medulloblastoma variants, crosstalking with CXCR5 and GRK5 <cite>Buss15</cite>.
-* PPM1D is highly expressed in non-small-cell lung cancer patients (NSCLC)<cite>Fu14</cite>. And, the truncating mutations at exon 6 of PPM1D were found in blood DNA of NSCLC, which suggests that it could be used as a biomarker for NSCLC <cite> Zajkowicz15</cite>.
+* PPM1D is highly expressed in non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC)<cite>Fu14</cite>. Truncating mutations at exon 6 of PPM1D were found in blood DNA of NSCLC, which suggests that it could be used as a biomarker for NSCLC <cite> Zajkowicz15</cite>.
-* WIP1 regulates the proliferation and invasiveness of nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) cells in vitro <cite>Zhang14b</cite>.
+* PPM1D regulates the proliferation and invasiveness of nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) cells in vitro <cite>Zhang14b</cite>.
 * PPM1D is a frequent target of somatic mutation in brainstem gliomas <cite>Zhang14a</cite>.