Phosphatase Subfamily TIGAR - Revision history

Gerard at 18:28, 20 April 2017

2017-04-20T18:28:40Z

Gerard at 21:51, 25 October 2016

2016-10-25T21:51:59Z

Mark: /* References */

2015-06-02T20:37:29Z

‎References

Mark: /* Functions */

2015-06-02T20:37:19Z

‎Functions

Mark at 18:20, 2 June 2015

2015-06-02T18:20:38Z

Mark at 18:17, 2 June 2015

2015-06-02T18:17:10Z

Mark: /* Functions */

2015-06-02T17:35:55Z

‎Functions

Mark: /* Evolution */

2015-06-02T17:28:54Z

‎Evolution

Mark at 17:26, 2 June 2015

2015-06-02T17:26:01Z

Mark: /* References */

2015-01-03T23:24:31Z

‎References

@@ Line 5: / Line 5: @@
 === Evolution ===
-TIGAR is found in chordates and some basal [[Phosphatase_Glossary#eumetazoa|eumetazoan]], but is absent from nematodes and arthropoda.
+TIGAR is found in chordates and some basal [[Phosphatase_Glossary#eumetazoa|eumetazoa]], but is absent from nematodes and arthropods.
 === Domain ===

@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
 __NOTOC__
-[[Phosphatase classification|Phosphatase Classification]]: [[Phosphatase_Fold_HP|Fold HP]]: [[Phosphatase_Superfamily_HP|Superfamily HP]] (histidine phosphatase):  [[Phosphatase_Family_HP1|HP, branch1 family]]: [[Phosphatase_Subfamily_TIGAR|Subfamily TIGAR]]
+[[Phosphatase classification|Phosphatase Classification]]: [[Phosphatase_Fold_HP|Fold HP]]: [[Phosphatase_Superfamily_HP|Superfamily HP]]:  [[Phosphatase_Family_HP1|HP, branch1 family]]: [[Phosphatase_Subfamily_TIGAR|Subfamily TIGAR]]
 TIGAR inhibits glycolysis and negatively modulates the level of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS), therefore regulating autophagy and apoptosis. TIGAR is found in chordates some basal [[Phosphatase_Glossary#Eumetazoa|eumetazoan]], but is absent from nematodes and arthropoda.

@@ Line 23: / Line 23: @@
 #cheung12 pmid=23185017
 #Cheung12 pmid=23726973
 #Gerin14 pmid=24423178
 #li09 pmid=19015259
 #Xie14 pmid=25085248
 </biblio>

@@ Line 13: / Line 13: @@
 TIGAR stands for TP53 Induced Glycolysis and Apoptosis Regulatory phosphatase <cite>bensaad06</cite>. It inhibits glycolysis, resulting in higher intracellular NADPH, lower reactive oxygen species (ROS) and therefore autophagic response <cite> bensaad06, Bensaad09 </cite>. It also inhibits apoptosis <cite>Xie14</cite>. It is not surprising that TIGAR is implicated in cancer, such as intestinal cancer <cite>Cheung13</cite>.
-TIGAR inhibits glycolysis by functioning as fructose- 2,6-bisphosphatase (Fru-2,6-BPase) <cite>bensaad06, li09</cite> and/or 23BPG (2,3-bisphosphoglycerate) <cite>Gerin14</cite>. It is worthy pointing out that PFK2 (phosphofructokinase 2) of [[Phosphatase_Subfamily_PFKFB|PFKFB]] subfamily functions as Fru-2,6-BPase, and the reported catalytic efficiency of TIGAR as an Fru-2,6-BPase is several orders of magnitude lower than that of PFK2.
+TIGAR inhibits glycolysis by functioning as fructose- 2,6-bisphosphatase (Fru-2,6-BPase) <cite>bensaad06, li09</cite> and/or 23BPG (2,3-bisphosphoglycerate) <cite>Gerin14</cite>. It is worthy pointing out that Fru-2,6-BP and 23BPG are the substrates of other HP genes. PFK2 (phosphofructokinase 2) of [[Phosphatase_Subfamily_PFKFB|PFKFB]] subfamily, HP1 family functions as Fru-2,6-BPase, and the reported catalytic efficiency of TIGAR as an Fru-2,6-BPase is several orders of magnitude lower than that of PFK2. MINPP1 of [[Phosphatase_Family_HP2|HP2]] family dephosphorylates 23BPG <cite>cho08</cite>.
 Under hypoxia, a fraction of TIGAR protein relocalized to mitochondria and formed a complex with hexokinase 2 (HK2), resulting in an increase in HK2 activity. The ability of TIGAR to function as a Fru-2,6-BPase was independent of HK2 binding and mitochondrial localization, although both of these activities can contribute to the full activity of TIGAR in limiting mitochondrial ROS levels and protecting from cell death <cite>cheung12</cite>.

@@ Line 2: / Line 2: @@
 [[Phosphatase classification|Phosphatase Classification]]: [[Phosphatase_Fold_HP|Fold HP]]: [[Phosphatase_Superfamily_HP|Superfamily HP]] (histidine phosphatase):  [[Phosphatase_Family_HP1|HP, branch1 family]]: [[Phosphatase_Subfamily_TIGAR|Subfamily TIGAR]]
-Vertebrate TIGAR functions as a fructose- 2,6-bisphosphatase, which results in an inhibition of glycolysis and an overall decrease in intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels. TIGAR is also found in some basal eumetazoan, but is absent from nematodes and arthropoda.
+TIGAR inhibits glycolysis and negatively modulates the level of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS), therefore regulating autophagy and apoptosis. TIGAR is found in chordates some basal [[Phosphatase_Glossary#Eumetazoa|eumetazoan]], but is absent from nematodes and arthropoda.
 === Evolution ===

@@ Line 8: / Line 8: @@
 === Domain ===
-TIGAR has a single domain: HP1 phosphatase.
+TIGAR has a single domain: HP1 phosphatase domain.
 === Functions ===
-TIGAR stands for TP53 Induced Glycolysis Regulatory phosphatase. It inhibits glycolysis, resulting in higher intracellular NADPH, lower reactive oxygen species (ROS) and autophagy activity. It actually inhibits both apoptosis and autophagy, resulting in a dual impact on tumor cell survival in response to tumor chemotherapy <cite>Xie14</cite>.
+TIGAR stands for TP53 Induced Glycolysis and Apoptosis Regulatory phosphatase <cite>bensaad06</cite>. It inhibits glycolysis, resulting in higher intracellular NADPH, lower reactive oxygen species (ROS) and therefore autophagic response <cite> bensaad06, Bensaad09 </cite>. It also inhibits apoptosis <cite>Xie14</cite>. It is not surprising that TIGAR is implicated in cancer, such as intestinal cancer <cite>Cheung13</cite>.
-TIGAR can function as fructose- 2,6-bisphosphatase (Fru-2,6-BPase) <cite>bensaad06, li09</cite>, the same function with PFKFB1 of [[Phosphatase_Subfamily_PFKFB|PFKFB]]. (PS: functional redundancy?) Through promotion of the pentose phosphate pathway, it increases NADPH production to help limit reactive oxygen species (ROS).
+TIGAR inhibits glycolysis by functioning as fructose- 2,6-bisphosphatase (Fru-2,6-BPase) <cite>bensaad06, li09</cite> and/or 23BPG (2,3-bisphosphoglycerate) <cite>Gerin14</cite>. It is worthy pointing out that PFK2 (phosphofructokinase 2) of [[Phosphatase_Subfamily_PFKFB|PFKFB]] subfamily functions as Fru-2,6-BPase, and the reported catalytic efficiency of TIGAR as an Fru-2,6-BPase is several orders of magnitude lower than that of PFK2.
 Under hypoxia, a fraction of TIGAR protein relocalized to mitochondria and formed a complex with hexokinase 2 (HK2), resulting in an increase in HK2 activity. The ability of TIGAR to function as a Fru-2,6-BPase was independent of HK2 binding and mitochondrial localization, although both of these activities can contribute to the full activity of TIGAR in limiting mitochondrial ROS levels and protecting from cell death <cite>cheung12</cite>.
@@ Line 20: / Line 20: @@
 <biblio>
 #bensaad06 pmid=16839880
-#li09 pmid=19015259
+#Bensaad09 pmid=19713938
 #cheung12 pmid=23185017
 </biblio>